Rice University scientists have developed micron-sized calcium silicate spheres that could lead to stronger and greener concrete. The spheres were formed in a solution around nanoscale seeds of a common detergent-like surfactant. They can be prompted to self-assemble into solids that are stronger, harder, and more flexible than Portland cement. Typical cement particles lack an organized structure, which makes it vulnerable to cracks.
Graduate student Rouzbeh Shahsavari says the size and shape of particles in general have a significant effect on the mechanical properties and durability of bulk materials like concrete. "It is very beneficial to have something you can control as opposed to a material that is random by nature," he said. "Further, one can mix spheres with different diameters to fill the gaps between the self-assembled structures, leading to higher packing densities and thus mechanical and durability properties."
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